Understanding basic vibration terms makes it easier to select the right isolation and leveling solution for a machine.
Vibration
Vibration is the repeated movement of a machine or object away from its normal position.
Types of Vibration
- Periodic Vibration – Regular and predictable vibration
- Random Vibration – Irregular and unpredictable vibration
- Shock/Impact – A sudden, high-force movement for a short time
- Structure-Borne Noise – Vibration travelling through solid materials such as floors or machine frames
Vibration Isolation
Vibration isolation reduces the transfer of vibration between a machine and its surroundings.
Damping
Damping reduces vibration energy by converting it into heat.
Load
Load includes:
- Static Load – Machine and workpiece weight
- Dynamic Load – Forces created while the machine is operating
Amplitude
Amplitude is the maximum amount of movement caused by vibration.
Frequency
Frequency shows how many vibration cycles happen every second and is measured in Hertz (Hz).
Natural Frequency
The frequency at which a machine or isolator naturally vibrates.
Resonance
Resonance happens when the machine vibration frequency becomes close to its natural frequency, which can increase vibration instead of reducing it.
Active and Passive Isolators
- Passive Isolators reduce vibration using materials, springs or air systems.
- Active Isolators use sensors and controls to create an opposite force against vibration.
Degrees of Freedom
A machine can move in six directions: three linear movements (X, Y, Z) and three rotations — pitch, roll and yaw.
Center of Gravity
The machine’s center of gravity is important when deciding where vibration isolators should be installed.
Source Isolation
Reduces vibration produced by the machine so it does not affect nearby equipment or buildings.
Receiver Isolation
Protects sensitive equipment from vibration coming from the floor or surrounding machines.
Direct Isolation
Isolators are installed directly below the machine.
Indirect Isolation
A strong platform or concrete foundation is installed between the machine and isolators when the machine structure is not rigid enough.
Understanding these terms helps in selecting the correct vibration isolation system for better machine stability, accuracy and performance.
